Welcome to the Toronto Demographics portal. Access and browse demographics information for the City of Toronto. You will find information from a variety of sources. INTER.NET NO CONTRACT RESIDENTIAL PHONE AND INTERNET SERVICE offering no contract Phone and Internet service so you can try something different and better with. Recommended Community Strategies and Measurements to Prevent Obesity in the United States. Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. For assistance, please send e- mail to: mmwrq@cdc. Type 5. 08 Accommodation and the title of the report in the subject line of e- mail. Reported by. Laura Kettel Khan, Ph. D1. Kathleen Sobush, MS, MPH2. Dana Keener, Ph. D3. Kenneth Goodman, MA3. Amy Lowry, MPA2. Jakub Kakietek, MPH3. Susan Zaro, MPH3. Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC 2. CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia. ICF Macro, Atlanta, Georgia. Summary. Approximately two thirds of U. S. During 1. 98. 0- -2. U. S. The prevalence of being overweight among children and adolescents increased substantially during 1. U. S. Being either obese or overweight increases the risk for many chronic diseases (e. Environmental factors (including lack of access to full- service grocery stores, increasing costs of healthy foods and the lower cost of unhealthy foods, and lack of access to safe places to play and exercise) all contribute to the increase in obesity rates by inhibiting or preventing healthy eating and active living behaviors. Recommended strategies and appropriate measurements are needed to assess the effectiveness of community initiatives to create environments that promote good nutrition and physical activity. To help communities in this effort, CDC initiated the Common Community Measures for Obesity Prevention Project (the Measures Project). The objective of the Measures Project was to identify and recommend a set of strategies and associated measurements that communities and local governments can use to plan and monitor environmental and policy- level changes for obesity prevention. This report describes the expert panel process that was used to identify 2. The 2. 4 strategies are divided into six categories: 1) strategies to promote the availability of affordable healthy food and beverages), 2) strategies to support healthy food and beverage choices, 3) a strategy to encourage breastfeeding, 4) strategies to encourage physical activity or limit sedentary activity among children and youth, 5) strategies to create safe communities that support physical activity, and 6) a strategy to encourage communities to organize for change. Corresponding preparer: Laura Kettel Khan, Ph. D, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, 4. Buford Hwy, MS K- 2. Ophea is a not-for-profit organization that champions healthy, active living in schools and communities through quality programs and services, partnerships and. Official Toronto Police web site. One of Canada's largest police agencies. Atlanta, Georgia 3. Telephone: 7. 70- 4. Fax: 7. 70- 4. 88- 6. E- mail: ldk. 7@cdc. Introduction. Obesity rates in the U. S. Data for 2. 00. The Toronto District School Board and Toronto Catholic District School Board are experiencing school bus delays. In particular, parents of students who use Attridge. Centennial College – Toronto’s first Community College offers Degree Programs in Business, Communication, Engineering Technology, Health Community courses. CBC Digital Archives has an extensive amount of content from Radio and Television, covering a wide range of topics. Methods of Identifying Best Practices. Identifying the best practices for preventing youth violence involves two approaches, each with its own limitations. U. S. Among adults, obesity prevalence doubled during 1. U. S. Being either obese or overweight increases the risk for many chronic diseases (e. Although diet and exercise are key determinants of weight, environmental factors beyond the control of individuals (including lack of access to full- service grocery stores, high costs of healthy foods, and lack of access to safe places to play and exercise) contribute to increased obesity rates by reducing the likelihood of healthy eating and active living behaviors (5- -7). States and communities are responding to the obesity epidemic in the United States by working to create environments that support healthy eating and active living (8,9) and by giving public health practitioners and policy makers an opportunity to learn from community- based efforts to prevent obesity. However, the absence of measurements to assess policy and environmental changes at the community level has impeded efforts to assess the implementation of these types of population- level initiatives for preventing obesity. To address this issue, CDC initiated the Common Community Measures for Obesity Prevention Project (the Measures Project). The goal of the Measures Project was to identify and recommend a set of obesity prevention strategies and corresponding suggested measurements that local governments and communities can use to plan, implement, and monitor initiatives to prevent obesity. For the purposes of the Measures Project, a measurement is defined as a single data element that can be collected through an objective assessment of policies or the physical environment and that can be used to quantify the performance of an obesity prevention strategy. Community was defined as a social entity that can be classified spatially on the basis of where persons live, work, learn, worship, and play (e. The Measures Project process was guided by expert opinion and included a systematic review of the published scientific literature, resulting in the adoption of 2. This report presents the first set of comprehensive recommendations published by CDC to promote healthy eating and active living and reduce the prevalence of obesity in the United States. This report describes each of the recommended strategies, summarizes available evidence regarding their effectiveness, and presents a suggested measurement for each strategy that communities can use to assess implementation and track progress over time. Methods. The recommended strategies presented in this document were developed as a result of a systematic process grounded in available evidence for each strategy, expert opinion, and detailed documentation of the project process and decision- making rationale. A few exploratory strategies for which no evidence was available were included in the recommendations on the basis of expert opinion and to determine the effectiveness of the strategy for preventing obesity. The Common Community Measures for Obesity Prevention Project Team (the Measures Project Team) comprised CDC staff, who maintained primary decision- making authority of the project; the CDC Foundation, which provided administrative and fiscal oversight for the Project; ICF Macro, a public health consulting firm that served as the coordinating center for the project; Research Triangle Institute, a public health consulting firm that acted as the coordinating center during the preliminary phase of the project; and the International City/County Management Association (ICMA), which provided local government expertise. Multiple subgroups* provided input and guidance to the Measures Project Team on specific aspects of the project: the Funders Steering Committee provided guidance on project funding and resources a Select Expert Panel of nationally recognized content- area experts in areas of urban planning, built environment, obesity prevention, nutrition, and physical activity assisted in the selection of the recommended strategies and measurements; a CDC Workgroup comprising representatives from multiple divisions of CDC provided input on the identification, nomination, and selection of the recommended strategies; a Measurement Expert group reviewed the selected measurements for technical precision on their structure, phrasing, and content; local government experts provided knowledge of city management, resources, and perspective on the utility, feasibility, and practicality of the strategies and measurements for local government capacity and needs; and. CDC Technical Advisors provided guidance on the project design and protocol. Step 1: Strategy Identification. To identify potential environmental and policy- level strategies for obesity prevention, the Measures Project Team searched Pub. Med for reviews and meta- analyses published during January 1, 2. July 3, 2. 00. 7 using the following search terms: (. The Pub. Med search yielded 2. On the basis of a preliminary review, 1. Seven additional reports and studies recognized as . The Measures Project Team completed a full review of the 9. Similar and overlapping strategies were collapsed, resulting in a final total of 1. Step 2: Strategy Prioritization and Selection. To assist in prioritizing the 1. Measures Project Team developed a set of strategy rating criteria based on the efforts of similar projects (1. Through an online survey, members of the Select Expert Panel rated each obesity prevention strategy on the following criteria: reach, mutability, transferability, potential effect size, and sustainability of the health impact (Box 1). The Select Expert Panel met to discuss and rank order the strategies on the basis of the results of the online survey. The Panel identified 4. Next, the CDC Workgroup met to review the strategies from a public health perspective, which resulted in the selection of 4. The Measures Project Team then identified 2. In addition, three strategies were added to be consistent with CDC's state- based Nutrition and Physical Activity Program to Prevent Obesity. One additional strategy was added on the basis of expert opinion supporting the need for exploratory policy and environmental strategies that consider local food systems and the production, procurement, and distribution of healthier foods for community consumption. A total of 2. 6 environmental and policy strategies for obesity prevention were selected to move forward to the measurement nomination and selection phase of the project process. Step 3: Summarization. After the 2. 6 strategies were selected, the Measures Project Team created a summary for each strategy that included an overview of the strategy, a summary of available evidence in support of the strategy, and potential measurements that were used to assess the strategy as described in the literature. When available, the summaries also included examples of how the strategy has been used by local communities. Step 4: Measurement Nomination and Selection. Content area experts specializing in nutrition, physical activity, and other obesity- related behaviors assisted the Measures Project Team in selecting potential measurements that communities can use to assess the recommended obesity prevention strategies. Three persons were assigned to each strategy according to their area of expertise.
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